This limits the ability to understand and prevent negative thought and emotional cycles that inhibit personal progress and self-development. Without the terminology and understanding, it becomes difficult to study this other side of self-awareness adequately. In PI, rumination may be at play when this anxious or negative self-attention occurs from engaging with data. In Psychology, self-reflection is a type of self-awareness, and self-awareness includes both self-reflection and rumination. In order to begin to address this gap, we draw from Psychology literature to introduce the concept of rumination-anxious attention paid to the self, often tinged with a fear of failure and having detrimental impacts on self-worth, which negatively affects self-improvement efforts (see Section 3). Although researchers have drawn attention to the potential for negative thoughts and emotions associated with engaging with self-tracking tools as well as the downsides to self-reflection, our field’s conceptualization of self-reflection does not adequately account for these negative thought and emotion cycles. ![]() While users may experience thought cycles that lead to new insights and progress (i.e., self-reflection), they may also experience negative thought cycles that inhibit personal development. In fact, PI tools are intended to help users collect personal data for self-reflection. A key component of the process of using self-tracking for personal improvement is self-reflection, which acts as a catalyst for positive changes and self-knowledge. Self-tracking technologies, often in the form of mobile applications (apps) and wearables, have been touted as tools that will positively impact individuals’ health, finances, sustainability efforts, productivity, and more. Personal informatics (PI)-defined as the practice of collecting data about oneself to acquire self-knowledge or achieve a goal-is becoming increasingly popular as more technologies support self-monitoring, self-tracking, and the quantified self. Our goal is to expand self-tracking research by discussing these negative cycles and encourage researchers to consider rumination when studying, designing, and promoting tools to prevent adverse unintended consequences among users. We also explain how self-tracking technologies may inadvertently lead to rumination and the implications this has for design. In this conceptual paper, we differentiate reflection from rumination. Thus, preventing and mitigating rumination is beneficial. ![]() Rumination is an important concept for the Human Computer Interaction community because it can negatively affect users’ well-being and lead to maladaptive use. To help explain these cycles, we draw from Psychology to introduce the concept of rumination-anxious, perseverative cognition focused on negative aspects of the self-as a result of engaging with personal data. When reflective thought occurs, it sometimes leads to negative thought and emotion cycles. Personal informatics tools can help users self-reflect on their experiences.
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